GRM4
Summary: L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012].
| Name | OMIM ID | Ensembl ID | HGNC ID | PHARMGKB ID | Map Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| glutamate metabotropic receptor 4 | MIM:604100 | Ensembl:ENSG00000124493 | HGNC:HGNC:4596 | PA28993 | 6p21.31 |
GO terms in GRM4
| Term Type | Evidence Type | GO Term ID | GO Des. |
|---|---|---|---|
| CC | IDA | GO:0005622 | intracellular |
| CC | TAS | GO:0005886 | plasma membrane |
| CC | IBA | GO:0005887 | integral component of plasma membrane |
| CC | IDA | GO:0005887 | integral component of plasma membrane |
| CC | IDA | GO:0031410 | cytoplasmic vesicle |
| CC | IBA | GO:0042734 | presynaptic membrane |
| BP | IDA | GO:0000187 | activation of MAPK activity |
| BP | TAS | GO:0007186 | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway |
| BP | IBA | GO:0007196 | adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway |
| BP | IMP | GO:0007196 | adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway |
| BP | IBA | GO:0007216 | G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway |
| BP | TAS | GO:0007268 | chemical synaptic transmission |
| BP | TAS | GO:0007269 | neurotransmitter secretion |
| BP | IEP | GO:0043410 | positive regulation of MAPK cascade |
| BP | TAS | GO:0043523 | regulation of neuron apoptotic process |
| BP | IBA | GO:0051966 | regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic |
| MF | IBA | GO:0001642 | group III metabotropic glutamate receptor activity |
| MF | IMP | GO:0004930 | G-protein coupled receptor activity |
| MF | IBA | GO:0008066 | glutamate receptor activity |
| MF | IMP | GO:0008066 | glutamate receptor activity |
Gene expression in normal tissue: GRM4
Gene-model tissue-cancer distribution: Bubble Plot
Gene-drug pathway distribution
Pathways in GRM4
| Database | Pathway ID | Pathway Des. |
|---|---|---|
| reactome | R-HSA-162582 | Signal Transduction |
| reactome | R-HSA-372790 | Signaling by GPCR |
| reactome | R-HSA-388396 | GPCR downstream signalling |
| reactome | R-HSA-418594 | G alpha (i) signalling events |
| reactome | R-HSA-420499 | Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors) |
| reactome | R-HSA-500792 | GPCR ligand binding |
| kegg | hsa04072 | Phospholipase D signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human) |
| kegg | hsa04080 | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction - Homo sapiens (human) |
| kegg | hsa04724 | Glutamatergic synapse - Homo sapiens (human) |
| kegg | hsa04742 | Taste transduction - Homo sapiens (human) |
| wikipathways | WP501 | GPCRs, Class C Metabotropic glutamate, pheromone |
Gene in drug-gene network: Network Plot
Gene-drug targets distribution
Gene Structure: PDB
Models in GRM4
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